Satellite Spotlight: COSMOS 1408 and Its Debris Field
Introduction to COSMOS 1408
COSMOS 1408, a Soviet-era satellite, has gained notoriety not for its original mission, but for its role in a 2021 anti-satellite (ASAT) test conducted by Russia. Launched on 16 September 1982, COSMOS 1408 was part of the Tselina-D series, designed for electronic intelligence (ELINT) gathering. The satellite was placed into a sun-synchronous orbit to optimise its surveillance capabilities. The NORAD ID for COSMOS 1408 is 13552.
Mission and Purpose
The primary mission of COSMOS 1408 was to intercept and analyse electronic signals from various sources, a typical function of ELINT satellites during the Cold War. These satellites were crucial for monitoring potential adversaries' military activities and communications. COSMOS 1408 operated successfully for several years before becoming defunct and remaining in orbit as space debris.
Orbital Characteristics
COSMOS 1408 was originally placed in a sun-synchronous orbit, which allowed it to pass over the same part of the Earth at the same local solar time, enhancing its intelligence-gathering capabilities. The satellite orbited at an altitude of approximately 485 km with an inclination of 82.5 degrees. This orbit ensured consistent lighting conditions for its sensors, a common requirement for reconnaissance missions.
Significance and Legacy
The significance of COSMOS 1408 dramatically shifted on 15 November 2021, when it was deliberately destroyed by a Russian ASAT missile. This test created a debris field of over 1,500 trackable pieces, posing a significant risk to other satellites and the International Space Station (ISS). The event highlighted the growing concerns over space debris and the militarisation of space. The debris field's impact on space operations can be monitored using Orbital Radar's Debris Map (/debris-map).
Current Status
As of 2026, the debris from COSMOS 1408 continues to pose a threat to active satellites and space missions. The debris field is closely monitored for potential collisions, with active close approaches being tracked by various space agencies. The incident has spurred international discussions on space sustainability and the need for regulations to prevent similar occurrences. For more detailed tracking of the debris, users can refer to the Satellite Library (/library) on Orbital Radar.
