CZ-2D R/B

CZ-2D R/B is a spent rocket body associated with China, launched on 2005-07-05 from Jiuquan, China on the Tansuo-2 launch. With over 21 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 357 km and 359 km with an inclination of 97.3°. It travels at approximately 27,707 km/h (7.70 km/s), completing one full orbit every 92 minutes — that’s roughly 15.70 orbits per day. Its near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit means it passes over any given point on Earth at approximately the same local solar time, ideal for consistent Earth observation lighting conditions. Its near-circular orbit (eccentricity close to zero) means it maintains a very consistent altitude throughout each revolution. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is months to ~1 year. Spent rocket bodies like CZ-2D R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

CZ-2D R/B orbits at an average altitude of 358 km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), a specialised subset of LEO where the orbital plane precesses to maintain a constant angle relative to the Sun. This provides consistent lighting conditions on every pass — essential for Earth observation, weather monitoring and environmental science. Within ±50 km of CZ-2D R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 1,190 active payloads and 52 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include STARLINK-1020, STARLINK-1036, STARLINK-1042. This makes it one of the more crowded altitude bands, containing roughly 6.8% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 97.3°, CZ-2D R/B passes over latitudes between 97.3°N and 97.3°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. China operates approximately 1,221 active satellites in total, of which 23 share a similar altitude band with CZ-2D R/B.