ARIANE 5 R/B

ARIANE 5 R/B is a spent rocket body associated with France, launched on 2023-07-05 from Guiana Space Centre, Kourou on the Heinrich Hertz/Syracuse launch. It orbits in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at altitudes between 308 km and 34,399 km with an inclination of 3.0°. It travels at approximately 14,756 km/h (4.10 km/s), completing one full orbit every 10 hours 6 minutes — that’s roughly 2.37 orbits per day. Its orbital eccentricity of 0.7185 gives it a noticeably elliptical path, with significant altitude variation between perigee and apogee. Spent rocket bodies like ARIANE 5 R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

ARIANE 5 R/B orbits at an average altitude of 17,354 km in Medium Earth Orbit, the region between LEO and GEO (2,000–35,786 km). MEO’s higher altitude gives each satellite a much larger ground footprint than LEO, meaning fewer spacecraft are needed for global coverage — but signal latency is higher and radiation from the Van Allen belts is a significant design constraint. Within ±50 km of ARIANE 5 R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 1 active payload and 14 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. This is a relatively sparse altitude band, containing less than 1% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 3.0°, ARIANE 5 R/B passes over latitudes between 3.0°N and 3.0°S, concentrating coverage over equatorial and near-equatorial regions. Low-inclination orbits maximise revisit rates over specific tropical zones. France operates approximately 115 active satellites in total.