CZ-12B R/B

CZ-12B R/B is a spent rocket body associated with China, launched on 2026-06-01 from Jiuquan, China on the Qianfan launch. As a relatively recent addition to the catalogue, its orbital elements are well-characterised. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 739 km and 1,021 km with an inclination of 89.0°. It travels at approximately 26,691 km/h (7.41 km/s), completing one full orbit every 103 minutes — that’s roughly 14.04 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~100–500 years. Spent rocket bodies like CZ-12B R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

CZ-12B R/B orbits at an average altitude of 880 km in the upper LEO band, where atmospheric drag is negligible and objects can persist for centuries to millennia. This altitude is used by broadband constellations like OneWeb and by scientific missions requiring stable orbits far from the densest debris bands. Within ±50 km of CZ-12B R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 171 active payloads and 1,677 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. With an inclination of 89.0°, CZ-12B R/B passes over latitudes between 89.0°N and 89.0°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. China operates approximately 1,221 active satellites in total, of which 81 share a similar altitude band with CZ-12B R/B.