ATLAS 2A CENTAUR R/B

ATLAS 2A CENTAUR R/B is a spent rocket body associated with United States, launched on 1999-11-23 from Cape Canaveral, Florida on the UFO 10 launch. With over 27 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at altitudes between 177 km and 4,160 km with an inclination of 26.8°. It travels at approximately 24,595 km/h (6.83 km/s), completing one full orbit every 2 hours 11 minutes — that’s roughly 10.99 orbits per day. Its orbital eccentricity of 0.2332 gives it a noticeably elliptical path, with significant altitude variation between perigee and apogee. Spent rocket bodies like ATLAS 2A CENTAUR R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

ATLAS 2A CENTAUR R/B orbits at an average altitude of 2,169 km in Medium Earth Orbit, the region between LEO and GEO (2,000–35,786 km). MEO’s higher altitude gives each satellite a much larger ground footprint than LEO, meaning fewer spacecraft are needed for global coverage — but signal latency is higher and radiation from the Van Allen belts is a significant design constraint. Within ±50 km of ATLAS 2A CENTAUR R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 4 active payloads and 13 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. This is a relatively sparse altitude band, containing less than 1% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 26.8°, ATLAS 2A CENTAUR R/B passes over latitudes between 26.8°N and 26.8°S, covering the tropical and temperate zones where most of the world’s population resides. Low-to-mid inclination orbits are efficient to reach from equatorial and mid-latitude launch sites. United States operates approximately 12,413 active satellites in total.