AVUM R/B

AVUM R/B is a spent rocket body associated with France, launched on 2021-11-16 from Guiana Space Centre, Kourou on the CERES 1-3 launch. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 408 km and 520 km with an inclination of 74.9°. It travels at approximately 27,492 km/h (7.64 km/s), completing one full orbit every 94 minutes — that’s roughly 15.34 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~1–3 years. Spent rocket bodies like AVUM R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

AVUM R/B orbits at an average altitude of 464 km in the core of Low Earth Orbit, the most heavily utilised altitude band. The balance of moderate drag (limiting debris accumulation) and short signal path (enabling low-latency links and high-resolution imaging) makes this regime the default for most commercial and government missions. Within ±50 km of AVUM R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 8,262 active payloads and 180 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include STARLINK-1008, STARLINK-1017, STARLINK-1039. This makes it one of the more crowded altitude bands, containing roughly 47.2% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 74.9°, AVUM R/B passes over latitudes between 74.9°N and 74.9°S, covering most populated land masses in both hemispheres. This mid-inclination band balances global coverage with efficient launch energy requirements. France operates approximately 115 active satellites in total, of which 23 share a similar altitude band with AVUM R/B.