FREGAT R/B

FREGAT R/B is a spent rocket body associated with Russia (CIS), launched on 2019-09-26 from PKMTR on the EKS No. 3L? launch. It orbits in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at altitudes between 2,292 km and 37,905 km with an inclination of 63.3°. It travels at approximately 13,970 km/h (3.88 km/s), completing one full orbit every 11 hours 55 minutes — that’s roughly 2.02 orbits per day. Its orbital eccentricity of 0.6727 gives it a noticeably elliptical path, with significant altitude variation between perigee and apogee. Spent rocket bodies like FREGAT R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

FREGAT R/B orbits at an average altitude of 20,099 km in Medium Earth Orbit, the region between LEO and GEO (2,000–35,786 km). MEO’s higher altitude gives each satellite a much larger ground footprint than LEO, meaning fewer spacecraft are needed for global coverage — but signal latency is higher and radiation from the Van Allen belts is a significant design constraint. Within ±50 km of FREGAT R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 5 active payloads and 20 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. This is a relatively sparse altitude band, containing less than 1% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 63.3°, FREGAT R/B passes over latitudes between 63.3°N and 63.3°S, covering most populated land masses in both hemispheres. This mid-inclination band balances global coverage with efficient launch energy requirements. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,287 active satellites in total, of which 4 share a similar altitude band with FREGAT R/B.