SL-3 R/B

SL-3 R/B is a spent rocket body associated with Russia (CIS), launched on 1978-12-23 from PKMTR on the Astrofizika 11F653 No. 1 launch. With over 48 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 798 km and 892 km with an inclination of 81.2°. It travels at approximately 26,756 km/h (7.43 km/s), completing one full orbit every 102 minutes — that’s roughly 14.14 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~100–500 years. Spent rocket bodies like SL-3 R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

SL-3 R/B orbits at an average altitude of 845 km in the upper LEO band, where atmospheric drag is negligible and objects can persist for centuries to millennia. This altitude is used by broadband constellations like OneWeb and by scientific missions requiring stable orbits far from the densest debris bands. Within ±50 km of SL-3 R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 233 active payloads and 2,121 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include NOAA 20, ONEWEB-0179, ONEWEB-0455. With an inclination of 81.2°, SL-3 R/B passes over latitudes between 81.2°N and 81.2°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,287 active satellites in total, of which 47 share a similar altitude band with SL-3 R/B.