SL-14 R/B

SL-14 R/B is a spent rocket body associated with Russia (CIS), launched on 1981-09-21 from PKMTR on the AUOS-Z 401 M-A-IK launch. With over 45 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 397 km and 1,686 km with an inclination of 82.5°. It travels at approximately 26,399 km/h (7.33 km/s), completing one full orbit every 106 minutes — that’s roughly 13.58 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~500–1,000 years. Spent rocket bodies like SL-14 R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

SL-14 R/B orbits at an average altitude of 1,042 km in the upper LEO band, where atmospheric drag is negligible and objects can persist for centuries to millennia. This altitude is used by broadband constellations like OneWeb and by scientific missions requiring stable orbits far from the densest debris bands. Within ±50 km of SL-14 R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 190 active payloads and 508 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include ONEWEB-0041. With an inclination of 82.5°, SL-14 R/B passes over latitudes between 82.5°N and 82.5°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,286 active satellites in total, of which 12 share a similar altitude band with SL-14 R/B.