COSMOS 2251 DEB

COSMOS 2251 DEB is a tracked piece of space debris attributed to Russia (CIS), launched on 1993-06-16 from PKMTR on the Strela-2M launch. With over 33 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 746 km and 1,117 km with an inclination of 73.8°. It travels at approximately 26,597 km/h (7.39 km/s), completing one full orbit every 104 minutes — that’s roughly 13.89 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~100–500 years. As orbital debris, COSMOS 2251 DEB poses a potential collision risk to operational satellites in nearby orbits and is continuously monitored by the U.S. Space Surveillance Network and other tracking systems.

COSMOS 2251 DEB orbits at an average altitude of 932 km in the upper LEO band, where atmospheric drag is negligible and objects can persist for centuries to millennia. This altitude is used by broadband constellations like OneWeb and by scientific missions requiring stable orbits far from the densest debris bands. Within ±50 km of COSMOS 2251 DEB’s average altitude, there are currently 294 active payloads and 1,158 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. With an inclination of 73.8°, COSMOS 2251 DEB passes over latitudes between 73.8°N and 73.8°S, covering most populated land masses in both hemispheres. This mid-inclination band balances global coverage with efficient launch energy requirements. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,286 active satellites in total, of which 106 share a similar altitude band with COSMOS 2251 DEB.