SL-14 R/B

SL-14 R/B is a spent rocket body associated with Russia (CIS), launched on 1992-12-25 from PKMTR on the Tselina-D launch. With over 34 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 613 km and 645 km with an inclination of 82.5°. It travels at approximately 27,166 km/h (7.55 km/s), completing one full orbit every 97 minutes — that’s roughly 14.80 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~10–25 years. Spent rocket bodies like SL-14 R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

SL-14 R/B orbits at an average altitude of 629 km in the mid-LEO band, where atmospheric drag is minimal but radiation exposure remains manageable. Objects at this altitude persist for decades to centuries, making debris mitigation critical. This regime is popular for remote sensing constellations and scientific instruments that need stable, long-duration orbits. Within ±50 km of SL-14 R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 794 active payloads and 833 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include ONEWEB-0050, STARLINK-5823. With an inclination of 82.5°, SL-14 R/B passes over latitudes between 82.5°N and 82.5°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,286 active satellites in total, of which 16 share a similar altitude band with SL-14 R/B.